Cataract Surgery

DIAGNOSIS

A comprehensive eye exam by an ophthalmologist is necessary to diagnose cataracts and determine if surgery is recommended. The exam typically includes:

• Visual acuity test
• Slit-lamp examination
• Dilated eye exam
• Tonometry (to measure eye pressure)

CAUSES/RISK FACTORS

It's important to clarify that cataract surgery itself isn't a disease or condition, so it doesn't have causes or risk factors. Cataracts, the reason someone might need cataract surgery, do have causes and risk factors. Here are some risk factors for cataracts, which can lead to needing surgery:

• Age: Increasing age is the biggest risk factor for cataracts.

• Family history: Having a family member with cataracts increases your risk.

• Medical conditions: Diabetes, obesity, and certain other medical conditions can increase cataract risk.

• Medications: Long-term use of corticosteroids can contribute to cataracts.

• Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure: Excessive sun exposure without proper eye protection is a risk factor.

• Smoking: Smokers are more likely to develop cataracts than non-smokers.

• Previous eye injuries or surgeries: Injuries or surgeries to the eye can increase cataract risk.

PREPARING FOR SURGERY

• Discuss your medical history and expectations with the ophthalmologist.
• Undergo any necessary tests.
• Stop taking certain medications that may increase bleeding risk.
• Arrange transportation home after surgery.
• Follow specific instructions provided by the ophthalmologist regarding diet and fasting.

TREATMENT DETAILS

TECHNOLOGY USED

In cataract surgery, several technological advancements play a key role in improving precision, safety, and overall outcomes. Here are some of the main technologies used:

• Phacoemulsification: This is the most common technique used for cataract removal. It utilizes a probe emitting ultrasound waves to break the cataract into tiny fragments, which are then suctioned out of the eye.

• Femtosecond Laser: This is a newer technology used in some cases alongside phacoemulsification. The laser creates precise incisions in the cornea and lens, potentially leading to smoother and more predictable surgical outcomes.

• Intraocular Lens (IOL): These are artificial lenses implanted within the eye to replace the removed cataract. Advancements in IOL technology include various options like:

1. Toric IOLs: Correct astigmatism for sharper vision.
2. Multifocal IOLs: Provide a range of vision, reducing dependence on glasses for distance and near tasks.

RECOVERY

• Vision improvement is usually noticeable within a few days.

• You may experience temporary blurry vision, light sensitivity, or eye discomfort.

• Use prescribed eye drops to prevent infection and promote healing.

• Wear an eye shield while sleeping for the first week.

• Avoid strenuous activity and swimming for a few weeks.

• Attend follow-up appointments to monitor healing progress.