Symptoms of Gynaecological Issues

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding (such as heavy periods, bleeding between periods, or postmenopausal bleeding)
• Pelvic pain or discomfort
• Pain during intercourse
• Unusual vaginal discharge (including odor, color, or consistency changes)
• Itching or irritation in the genital area
• Urinary symptoms (such as frequent urination or painful urination)
• Changes in menstrual patterns.

Risk Factors

Several factors contribute to the development of gynaecological disorders, including:

• Genetics
• Hormonal imbalances
• Lifestyle choices
• Reproductive history
• Sexual activity
• Underlying medical conditions

Risk factors may include:

• Family history of gynaecological diseases
• Hormonal fluctuations (such as polycystic ovary syndrome or thyroid disorders)
• Smoking
• Obesity
• Unprotected sexual activity
• Sexually transmitted infections
• Certain medications (such as hormone replacement therapy).

Gynaecological Disorders

• Menstrual Disorders: Conditions like dysmenorrhea (painful periods), menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding), oligomenorrhea (infrequent periods), and amenorrhea (absence of menstruation).
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A hormonal disorder characterized by irregular periods, ovarian cysts, and symptoms like acne, hirsutism (excessive hair growth), and weight gain.
• Endometriosis: A condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, causing pelvic pain, painful periods, and fertility problems.
• Fibroids: Non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can cause pelvic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, and pressure on nearby organs.
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): An infection of the female reproductive organs, usually caused by sexually transmitted bacteria, leading to pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, and infertility.
• Cervical Dysplasia: Abnormal changes in the cells of the cervix, often detected through Pap smear screenings and associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
• Ovarian Cysts: Fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovaries, sometimes causing pelvic pain, bloating, and changes in menstrual patterns.
• Infertility: Difficulty conceiving or carrying a pregnancy to term, which may be caused by various factors such as ovulatory disorders, blocked fallopian tubes, or male infertility.

Diagnosis

• Detailed medical history
• Pelvic examination
• Imaging studies (such as ultrasound, MRI), laboratory tests (blood tests, Pap smear)
• Diagnostic procedures (such as hysteroscopy, laparoscopy)

Treatment

• Medication management (such as hormonal therapy, pain relievers, antibiotics)
• Lifestyle modifications (such as diet, exercise, stress management)
• Surgical interventions (such as removal of fibroids or cysts, laparoscopic procedures)
• Fertility treatments (such as ovulation induction, intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization)
• Supportive care (such as counseling, support groups).